Stillbirth: when your baby dies before birth
Your baby was born, and your baby was loved. You are their parent, always.
By the numbers
Stillbirth is more common than many people realise.
In the U.S.
Mental health
When your baby dies before birth
The news no parent is ready for.
In the U.S., a stillbirth is the loss of a pregnancy at or after 20 weeks. It may be called early (20 to 27 weeks), late (28 to 36 weeks) or term (37 weeks or later).
Many parents learn the news at a scan or a check-up they expected to be routine. Shock, disbelief and numbness are common. You may hear the words but not take them in.
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Some parents feel frozen, some cry, some go into practical mode. Many don’t remember much of what was said. That is normal.
It may help to
- Ask for things to be explained again, slowly
- Ask someone to come and be with you
- Ask for written information to read later
- Let the care team know you need a moment
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You may have noticed fewer movements, or just felt that something was wrong. Afterwards, “what if I had gone in sooner” thoughts are very common. They come from love, not from failure.
Giving birth to your baby
What may happen, and what you can ask for.
After a stillbirth, labour is usually started by the care team, as this is generally safer for the mother than a caesarean birth. Sometimes there is the option to wait for labour to start on its own.
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Things some parents ask for
- A birth partner or support person with you the whole time
- A room away from the sounds of other babies, if possible
- A sign on the door so staff know
- Time to decide things, without rushing
- Your faith or cultural needs to be respected
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Feelings of guilt, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress are common after a stillbirth.
The Hard or frightening births guide has more on trauma after a birth.
Time with your baby and making memories
Gentle choices, with no right or wrong answer.
Whether you see and hold your baby is entirely your choice. Many parents spend quiet time with their baby. Others feel they can’t, and that is okay too.
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You can take photographs and collect mementos. If you’re unsure, hospitals can often store them with your records for later.
Ideas
- A blanket or outfit
- A hospital bracelet
- A lock of hair
- Hand and foot prints
- Ultrasound pictures
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Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep is a nonprofit with volunteer photographers who give bereaved parents free, gently retouched portraits of their baby. Hospitals can arrange a session. Website: nowilaymedowntosleep.org.
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Some parents name their baby, bathe or dress them, read to them, or have family meet them. Some invite a faith leader for a blessing. Do only what feels right for you.
Questions about why
Tests can sometimes give answers. Guilt often comes anyway.
Tests may look for a cause, including blood, infection and genetic tests. You don’t have to have them, but the results may help in a future pregnancy. A post-mortem (autopsy) can only happen with your written consent.
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There is usually a follow-up appointment a few weeks later to check your health, go over test results and talk about future pregnancies.
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Feelings of guilt are common after a stillbirth. Guilt is a sign of how much you love your baby, not proof that you did something wrong.
Things that may help
- Ask your care team directly what is and isn’t known
- Write the “what if” thoughts down, then write what you would say to a friend
- Talk with other parents who have lived through it
- See a counselor if the guilt keeps returning
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Stillbirth is more common among Black families in the U.S. The CDC says this is not due to biology, and researchers are looking at factors like access to quality care.
If you felt unheard in your care, those feelings are valid. You can ask questions, ask for records, and ask for a different provider next time.
Your body afterwards
Your body has given birth, and may not know your baby has died.
Your body will go through the same recovery as after any birth. This can be painful to live through without your baby in your arms.
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Your body may start making milk after the birth, which can be distressing. Some parents let it dry up naturally.
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Gentle care
- Accept help with meals, chores and errands
- Keep your postpartum check-up
- Rest whenever you can
- Tell your provider about pain, fever or anything that worries you
Grief can affect the body too, leaving you run down or getting sick more easily.
Practical things: certificates, funerals and work
Tasks no parent should have to face, and help with them.
There may be paperwork and decisions in the days after. You don’t have to do them alone. A hospital social worker, bereavement nurse or chaplain can often help.
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Many U.S. states let parents request a Certificate of Birth Resulting in Stillbirth from the state vital records office. It is a commemorative record, and the process and fee vary by state.
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A funeral or memorial can give you a chance to say goodbye and share your grief with family and friends.
Hospital staff can explain your choices and help with paperwork. Some families choose a small private service, and some choose a later memorial. There is no wrong way.
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Under the U.S. Pregnant Workers Fairness Act, employers with 15 or more workers may need to allow changes such as leave to recover from childbirth, unless it causes undue hardship.
Grief in the months after
When everyone else seems to move on.
In one U.S. study, mothers whose baby died were much more likely than mothers of a living baby to have signs of depression and anxiety about nine months later. Many also felt anxious in social situations.
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Baby aisles, parks, the hospital, or seeing someone who was pregnant at the same time can bring grief rushing back. Avoiding some places for a while is understandable.
If avoiding things starts to shrink your life, a counselor can help you take small steps back at your own pace.
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You can honour your baby on special days, like the due date or the day they were born, alone or with others.
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One partner may want to talk often, while the other prefers to grieve alone or throws themselves into work. Patience and open conversation help.
The Partners and dads after pregnancy or baby loss guide goes deeper.
Telling your other children
Simple, honest words help children most.
Older children may feel afraid, act out, or worry that they could die too. Simple, honest words are better than phrases like “we lost the baby”, which can confuse young children.
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Examples
- “The baby died before being born. The baby’s body stopped working.”
- “It wasn’t anyone’s fault, and it wasn’t because of anything you thought or did.”
- “We are very sad, and it’s okay for you to feel sad, angry or confused too.”
A grief counselor or a children’s bereavement group can also help.
Read more
Ideas
- Drawing a picture or writing a note for the baby
- Helping choose something for a memory box
- Lighting a candle together on special days
How community helps
Parents who have walked this road can help light the way.
People who have had a similar loss can be a valuable source of support. Your care team can also help you find local support.
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Star Legacy Foundation works on stillbirth research, education and family support. It offers online support groups, peer companions and resources for families after loss and in a pregnancy after loss. Website: starlegacyfoundation.org.
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Share Pregnancy & Infant Loss Support offers groups, peer companions and phone and email support. Call 1-800-821-6819.
The MISS Foundation offers ongoing support for grieving families, including local support groups and online forums. Website: missfoundation.org.
Read more
Things that help
- Bring food, or offer to help with specific tasks
- Remember the baby’s birthday
- Say “I’m so sorry” and listen
- Use the baby’s name
Try not to say
- “At least you can have another.”
- “Everything happens for a reason.”
- “It wasn’t meant to be.”
When and where to get help
Signs it’s time to reach out, and who can help.
Reach out if…
- Intense sadness lasts more than 2 weeks and gets in the way of daily life
- Flashbacks, nightmares or panic about the birth keep coming back
- Guilt or self-blame won’t let up
- You feel hopeless or unable to look after yourself
- You have thoughts of harming yourself or of dying
Your provider, a hospital social worker or a grief counselor can help you find support.
Postpartum Support International (PSI) HelpLine: call 1-800-944-4773 or text 800-944-4773 (English). Leave a message and a trained volunteer will get back to you. PSI also has free online groups and volunteers with lived experience of loss. It is not a crisis line.
Outside the U.S., Find A Helpline (findahelpline.com) lists free, confidential helplines in many countries.
📝 Worksheets for this guide
Fill these in privately in the app. Your answers stay on your phone.
Sources
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). About Stillbirth
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Data and Statistics on Stillbirth
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Stillbirth: Communication Resources
- NHS (UK National Health Service). Stillbirth: What happens
- March of Dimes. Dealing with grief after the death of your baby
- Gold K.J., Boggs M.E., Muzik M. & Sen A. (peer-reviewed) (2014). Anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder nine months after perinatal loss (General Hospital Psychiatry)
- Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep. Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep
- McGill University, Palliative Care. Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep: Photographs to Honour Babies Who Have Died
- South Dakota Department of Health. Certificate of Birth Resulting in Stillbirth
- Florida Department of Health. Birth Resulting in Stillbirth
- U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). What You Should Know About the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act
- Star Legacy Foundation. Star Legacy Foundation
- MISS Foundation. MISS Foundation
- Share Pregnancy & Infant Loss Support. Share Pregnancy & Infant Loss Support
- 211 LifeLine. Share Pregnancy and Infant Loss Support (service listing)
- Postpartum Support International (PSI). Loss & Grief in Pregnancy & Postpartum
- Find A Helpline (ThroughLine). Find A Helpline
This guide is for education and self-care. It is not a diagnosis or a substitute for professional care. Please talk to a counselor or clinical provider about your health. Reviewed October 2026.

