The hidden grief of moving often
Every goodbye left a mark, even the ones no one noticed. Your losses were real, and it is never too late to grieve them.
By the numbers
How often some children move, and what research shows.
Moving
Research
Grief without a death
You can grieve people, places and a whole way of life.
Grief is not only for death. Third culture kids describe grieving friends and teachers who leave, and longing for places and people they left behind.
Researchers describe homesickness as a kind of “mini-grief”: missing home and adjusting to a new place are two different stresses that can pile on each other.
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Some people were part of your daily life for years, then gone. Some you never saw again. For a child, that can feel enormous.
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You may miss the smell of rain in one city or the sound of a market in another. Places hold memories, and losing them is a real loss.
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Pets left behind, toys given away, a bedroom you loved. These losses can be just as painful as bigger ones, especially for children.
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A language you stop speaking, a role you had at school, the version of you that lived there. Losing these can feel like losing part of yourself.
Why this grief stays hidden
When others see an adventure, not a loss.
Grief experts use the term “disenfranchised grief”, from Dr. Kenneth Doka, for grief that others overlook or don’t recognise. Moving-related grief often fits.
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People may only see travel, adventure and opportunity. Feeling sad can then feel ungrateful. You can be thankful for your life and still grieve what it cost.
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Moves are busy. Families are packing, starting jobs, finding schools. There may be no space to stop and feel the loss before you have to fit in somewhere new.
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Deaths have funerals and cards. Moves rarely have rituals that say “this mattered, and it is over”. Without them, grief can stay unfinished.
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One move may seem manageable. Five or ten moves, each with dozens of goodbyes, can add up to a lot of loss that was never named.
How hidden grief can show up
Signs that old losses are still with you.
Some TCKs keep friendships casual. Researchers suggest this may be a way of coping with repeated loss, or may hide grief underneath.
You might notice
- Anger or irritability that seems bigger than the moment
- Feeling numb at goodbyes, or not feeling them at all
- Holding people at arm’s length so it won’t hurt later
- Restlessness or an urge to leave when things get close
- Sudden sadness at a song, smell or photo
- Trouble answering “Where is home?”
In one long-term study, moving often as a child was linked to more distress in the teen years. Changing schools seemed to explain much of that link, so school moves may be especially hard.
Ambiguous loss: gone, but not gone
When places and people still exist, just not in your life.
Dr. Pauline Boss named “ambiguous loss” for losses without clear endings. One kind is when someone or something is physically absent but still very present in your heart and mind, like family far away after a move.
Your old friends and old countries still exist. You could even visit. But the life you had there is gone. That in-between can make grief hard to finish, because there is no clear ending.
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Boss suggests thinking “both/and” instead of “either/or”. This is less stressful than searching for a perfect answer.
Examples
- “That place is part of me, and I live here now.”
- “I miss my old friends, and I can make new ones.”
- “I was lucky, and I lost a lot.”
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Ambiguous losses may not have closure. They can still be acknowledged and supported, by people you trust or by a professional.
Ways to grieve and heal
Naming, honouring and carrying your losses.
It is never too late to grieve a move. Adults often find relief when they finally name losses from childhood.
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List each move and what you lost: people, places, pets, roles. Seeing it on paper can explain feelings you have carried for years.
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You can write to a place or person you never properly said goodbye to. You don’t have to send it. Say thank you, say what you miss, say goodbye.
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- Light a candle and look through old photos
- Cook a meal from that place and share stories
- Plant something for a place you miss
- Visit, if you can, and say goodbye as an adult
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Many TCKs feel they belong most with other globally mobile people. Sharing stories with others who moved a lot can make grief feel less lonely.
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Grieving a place doesn’t mean letting go of it completely. Keep the language, the food, the music. They are yours.
How to support someone with moving grief
For parents, partners, friends and teachers.
The most helpful thing is to treat the loss as real. Helping children say goodbye and keep connections is important.
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- “It makes sense that you miss them.”
- “That was a big loss.”
- “Tell me about your friend there.”
- “You don’t have to be okay with this yet.”
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- “At least you got to live abroad.”
- “You’ll forget about them soon.”
- “It’s just a move.”
- “Other kids have it much worse.”
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Children take their cues from the adults around them. Saying “I’ll miss this place too” shows them grief is allowed.
When and where to get help
When grief feels stuck or too heavy.
Talk to someone if grief or sadness stays heavy for a long time, if you feel numb or cut off from everyone, or if it is hard to get through daily life. A therapist who understands grief and moving can help you sort through old losses.
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If you are having thoughts of suicide or are in emotional distress, trained crisis counselors are there any time of day or night.
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Text with a trained volunteer from anywhere in the U.S. In Canada text 686868, and in the UK text 85258.
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Find A Helpline is a free directory of confidential helplines by chat, text or phone, and is recommended by the International Association for Suicide Prevention.
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Free, short-term, confidential counseling for service members and their families. From overseas, use the international calling options on the Military OneSource site.
📝 Worksheets for this guide
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Sources
- Jones, Reed, Gaab & Ooi (peer-reviewed) (2022). Adjustment in Third Culture Kids: A Systematic Review of Literature (Frontiers in Psychology 13: 939044)
- Center for Public Research and Leadership, Columbia University, for the Military Child Education Coalition (2017). The Challenges of Supporting Highly Mobile, Military-Connected Children in School Transitions
- Brown, Benzeval, Gayle, Macintyre, O’Reilly & Leyland (peer-reviewed), via PubMed Central (NIH) (2012). Childhood residential mobility and health in late adolescence and adulthood: findings from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study (Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
- Clinical Psychological Science (peer-reviewed) (2016). Is Homesickness a Mini-Grief? Development of a Dual Process Model (Stroebe, Schut & Nauta, Clinical Psychological Science)
- Hospice Foundation of America. Disenfranchised Grief: History and Contemporary Applications
- Journal of Marriage and Family (peer-reviewed) (2004). Ambiguous loss research, theory, and practice: Reflections after 9/11 (Boss, Journal of Marriage and Family 66(3): 551–566)
- AL-Hamad, Yasin, Yasin, Zhang & Ahmed (peer-reviewed), via PubMed Central (NIH) (2025). Ambiguous Loss Among Aging Migrants: A Concept Analysis- and Nursing Care-Oriented Model (Healthcare)
- Family Caregiver Alliance (2008). Caregiving and Ambiguous Loss (Pauline Boss)
- Ambiguous Loss. About Ambiguous Loss (Dr. Pauline Boss)
- American Foreign Service Association (AFSA) (2022). Supporting Families and Third-Culture Kids Through FS Transitions (Foreign Service Journal, July–August 2022)
- 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Help for Mental Illnesses
- Crisis Text Line. Crisis Text Line
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Crisis Text Line (Behavioral Health Information Series)
- ThroughLine (Find A Helpline). Find A Helpline
- International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP). Crisis Centres & Helplines
- Military OneSource (U.S. Department of War, formerly Defense). Confidential Help
- Military OneSource (U.S. Department of War, formerly Defense). International Calling Options
- My Air Force Benefits (U.S. Air Force). Military OneSource (benefit fact sheet)
This guide is for education and self-care. It is not a diagnosis or a substitute for professional care. Please talk to a counselor or clinical provider about your health. Reviewed October 2026.

