Boys & young men: growing up today
Being a boy today comes with real pressure. Every boy deserves people who see him, hear him and back him.
By the numbers
What research tells us about boys and young men right now.
High school boys
Young men
LGBTQ+ young men
What’s different about growing up today
Phones, school, friendships and mixed messages about being a man.
Many boys are doing well: they have friends, interests and people who care. But some face pressures their parents didn’t, and many find it hard to say when they’re struggling.
In a 2025 survey of U.S. boys aged 11–17, 94% used social media or played online games every day. Most regularly saw content about what a man “should” be, often without searching for it.
Read more
Online spaces can be where boys laugh, learn and find their people. They can also bring pressure, comparison and harsh messages about how boys should look and act.
Read more
Men make up about 42% of U.S. undergraduate students, and women about 58%.
There are many good paths besides college, like trades, apprenticeships and the military. The worry is when boys feel like failures or drift without a plan or support.
Read more
Gallup found that 25% of U.S. men aged 15–34 felt lonely for much of the previous day. That is higher than young women (18%) and higher than young men in most other wealthy countries.
Read more
Boys hear many different ideas about what it means to be a man, from family, friends, sport, school and online. Some are helpful, some aren’t, and some clash. That can leave boys confused about who they are allowed to be.
How struggles can look in boys
Anger, silence or “I’m fine” can cover sadness or worry.
High school boys report less sadness and fewer suicidal thoughts than girls. But males die by suicide at much higher rates. One reason may be that boys’ pain is easier to miss.
Psychologists note that boys are often taught to hide feelings like sadness and fear. So distress may come out in other ways.
Things adults sometimes notice
- Changes in sleep or eating
- Dropping sport, hobbies or things he used to enjoy
- Feeling tired a lot, or finding it hard to focus
- Getting easily frustrated, irritable or angry
- Grades slipping
- Pulling away from friends and family, or staying in his room much more
- Saying he feels worthless, empty or that nothing matters
Some boys also take more risks when they’re struggling, like reckless driving, fighting or drinking. It’s worth looking at what might be underneath.
“Man up”: the rules boys learn
Unwritten rules about crying, fear and asking for help.
In a 2025 survey, nearly half of U.S. boys said they feel they must follow “unwritten rules”, like not crying or showing fear, to avoid being teased.
The American Psychological Association notes that very rigid ideas about manhood can be linked to more risk-taking and aggression, and to boys and men being less willing to seek help when they’re struggling.
Read more
Feelings that never get talked about can come out as anger, numbness, or trouble sleeping and focusing. Crying is a normal human response, not a weakness.
Read more
Boys who are taught to deal with everything alone may wait a long time before getting help. Strong people use their team: friends, family, coaches, counselors.
Read more
When anger is the only feeling a boy is allowed to show, sadness and worry often come out as anger. Helping boys name what’s underneath can help them feel more in control.
Read more
Many traits linked with masculinity, like courage, leadership and caring for others, are linked with good health and wellbeing. The aim isn’t to stop boys being boys. It’s to give them more options, not fewer.
School, learning and feeling behind
ADHD, learning differences and finding a path that fits.
School can be a place where boys feel capable, or a place where they feel like they don’t fit. Boys who struggle at school may decide they’re “just not smart”, which can hurt their confidence for years.
Read more
In the U.S., about 13% of boys aged 3–17 have been diagnosed with ADHD, compared with about 7% of girls.
Struggles with focus, sitting still or reading can be mistaken for “bad behaviour” or laziness. Getting the right support at school can change how a boy sees himself.
Read more
When boys only hear about what they’re doing wrong, they may stop trying so they can’t “fail”. Noticing effort, progress and strengths outside school helps them keep going.
Read more
There is more than one route to a good life. Hands-on learning, trades and apprenticeships suit many young people. What matters is having a direction and people cheering him on.
Read more
A CDC survey found that teens who felt close to people at school had lower rates of sadness and suicide risk.
One teacher, coach or club where a boy feels he belongs can make a real difference.
Friends, loneliness and belonging
Why boys’ friendships matter, and why they can fade.
In a 2025 survey of U.S. boys, 68% had two or more people they could turn to, 24% had one person, and 8% had no one. Boys with stronger real-world relationships had better self-esteem and less loneliness.
Read more
Sport, gaming, building, music and jokes are often how boys connect. Those shared activities can become a doorway to deeper talks over time.
Read more
Big changes often break up friend groups, especially after high school. Young men may not know how to make new friends as adults, and loneliness can creep in.
Read more
For many boys, especially those who feel different where they live, online friends are an important lifeline. The goal is balance: some people who can also show up in person.
Read more
In the 2025 survey, 70% of boys had seen bullying or harassment online, and more than half had come across racist, homophobic or misogynistic language.
Every kind of boy
Gay, bi and trans boys, boys of colour, and boys who feel different.
Boys bring many parts of who they are into growing up: race, culture, faith, sexuality, gender identity, disability and more. Psychologists encourage seeing the whole boy, not one idea of what boys are like.
Read more
In a CDC survey of high school students, LGBQ+ students were about twice as likely as heterosexual students to report persistent sadness (66% vs 31%).
The Trevor Project found LGBTQ+ young people in very accepting communities attempted suicide far less often (8%) than those in very unaccepting communities (20%).
Read more
Transgender young men had some of the highest rates of suicidal thoughts in the Trevor Project survey. Trans and nonbinary young people whose household all respected their pronouns attempted suicide less often (11% vs 20%).
Read more
Black, Latino, Asian, Native and multiracial boys can face stereotypes about being “dangerous”, “older than they are” or “not academic”. Being treated unfairly is stressful, and it can make it harder to trust adults or ask for help.
Pride in culture and family, mentors who share their background, and adults who stand up for them all help.
Read more
Boys who don’t fit the “sporty, tough” picture are often teased. They deserve spaces where their interests and ways of being are valued, like art, music, coding, drama, gaming or nature groups.
Bodies, puberty and pressure
Muscles, height and looks: pressure boys don’t always talk about.
In a 2025 survey, 91% of U.S. boys had seen messages online about how their bodies should look. Nearly 1 in 4 said social media makes them feel they should change how they look.
Read more
Being much smaller, bigger or less developed than friends can bring teasing and self-consciousness. It helps to know that bodies change on their own timelines.
Read more
Exercise is good for mood and confidence. Worry starts when a boy feels he must always be bigger or leaner, skips meals, trains through injury or feels ashamed of his body.
Read more
Many boys learn about sex from friends or the internet, which can give a very unrealistic picture. Calm, honest talks about respect, consent and healthy relationships help.
Role models, mentors and purpose
Boys need adults who believe in them, and something to work toward.
Boys say parents are their first choice for support, and teachers and coaches matter too.
Research on mentoring links steady mentors with better school attendance, stronger relationships, more confidence and less violent behaviour. The key is a close, caring relationship that lasts, ideally a year or more.
Read more
Boys learn a lot about being a man by watching the men around them: how they handle stress, treat others and talk about feelings.
Read more
A coach who checks in after a bad game, or a teacher who sees potential, can be the person a boy trusts when things go wrong.
Read more
Mentoring works best when it is regular and long-lasting. Short or unreliable mentoring can actually leave young people worse off, so commitment matters.
Read more
Jobs, sport, music, faith, volunteering, caring for family or building a skill can all give a young man a sense that he matters and is needed.
How to support a boy or young man
For parents, teachers, coaches and friends.
What helps
- Ask questions that invite real answers, like “What was the best and worst part of your day?”
- Be a safe person to come to: respond with understanding before anger
- Listen without jumping to fix it, then repeat back what you heard
- Look for side-by-side moments, like car rides, cooking or shooting hoops
- Notice and praise effort, kindness and courage, not just wins
What to avoid
- Laughing at or shaming tears or fear
- Comparing him to brothers, friends or other boys
- Lines like “man up”, “toughen up” or “stop being a baby”
- Only talking to him when something’s wrong
If you’re worried about suicide, ask directly: “Are you thinking about killing yourself?” Asking does not put the idea in someone’s head. Listen, stay with him, and connect him with help.
When and where to get help
Signs it’s time to reach out, and who to call.
Talk with a clinical provider, school counselor or therapist if…
- Changes in mood, sleep, eating or behaviour last more than a couple of weeks
- He’s pulling away from friends, family and things he used to love
- Anger or risk-taking is getting worse or putting him in danger
- School is falling apart, or he’s refusing to go
- He talks about feeling hopeless, worthless or like a burden
Talking therapies work for boys and young men too. Some boys find it easier with a counselor who is active, practical and goal-focused. It can take a few tries to find the right fit.
📝 Worksheets for this guide
Fill these in privately in the app. Your answers stay on your phone.
Sources
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2024). Mental Health and Suicide Risk Among High School Students and Protective Factors — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023 (MMWR Supplement 73(4))
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Data and Statistics on ADHD
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Suicide Data and Statistics
- Gallup (2025). Younger Men in the U.S. Among the Loneliest in West
- National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), U.S. Department of Education. Undergraduate Enrollment (Condition of Education)
- Common Sense Media (2025). New Report Reveals How Online Experiences Inform Adolescent Boys’ Development
- Common Sense Media (2025). Boys in the Digital Wild: Online Culture, Identity, and Well-Being
- American Psychological Association (APA) (2018). APA Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Boys and Men
- The Trevor Project (2024). 2024 U.S. National Survey on the Mental Health of LGBTQ+ Young People
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Teen Depression: More Than Just Moodiness
- Youth.gov (U.S. federal interagency working group). Benefits of Mentoring for Young People
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Conversation Tips for Connecting Conversations
- 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. Help Someone Else
- Dazzi, Gribble, Wessely & Fear (peer-reviewed) (2014). Does asking about suicide and related behaviours induce suicidal ideation? What is the evidence? (Psychological Medicine)
- 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (funded by SAMHSA). 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
- Crisis Text Line. Crisis Text Line
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Crisis Text Line (resource listing)
- Boys Town. Boys Town National Hotline
- Nebraska Client Assistance Program, State of Nebraska. Boys Town National Hotline (agency listing)
- The Trevor Project. Get Help Now
- University of Pittsburgh (Flourish). The Trevor Project
- ThroughLine (free international helpline directory). Find A Helpline
This guide is for education and self-care. It is not a diagnosis or a substitute for professional care. Please talk to a counselor or clinical provider about your health. Reviewed October 2026.

