AI, work & the future
Change can feel unsettling. Your judgment, care and relationships still matter, at work and in care.
By the numbers
How workers feel, and how AI is entering care.
Work (U.S.)
Health care
AI at work and job anxiety
Worry about AI and jobs is common. Here’s how to cope.
If you feel uneasy about AI and your job, you are far from alone. In a 2024 Pew Research Center survey of U.S. workers, 52% felt worried about how AI may be used at work in the future, 36% felt hopeful and 33% felt overwhelmed. About a third (32%) expected AI to mean fewer job opportunities for them.
It may help to know that most workers are not using AI all day. In the same survey, 16% said some of their work was already done with AI, while more than half rarely or never used AI chatbots at work.
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Ideas
- Find out what is actually changing in your workplace, not just in headlines
- Learn one new skill or tool at your own pace
- Notice the parts of your job that rely on human judgment, care and relationships
- Talk with your manager about training
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Since February 2025, the European Union’s AI Act has banned AI systems that recognise emotions in workplaces and schools. In the U.S., rules vary.
If AI monitoring at work is stressing you, the Work & mental health guide covers your rights and how to raise concerns.
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Job worries can feel like a threat to who you are. Talking with others, planning ahead and remembering your values can help. The Career, identity & purpose guide has more.
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Many coworkers likely share your concerns. Talking with a manager, a mentor, a union rep or a friend can turn vague fear into clearer facts.
Questions you could ask at work
- Which tasks are actually changing, and when?
- What training will be offered?
- How will AI tools be checked for mistakes?
- Who can I go to with concerns?
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Worry about the future of your job can spill into worry about bills and plans. Writing down what you actually know, and one small step, can calm the spiral.
AI in clinics: notes, screening and what’s next
How health workers are starting to use AI, and what to ask.
AI is entering health care behind the scenes. The World Health Organization names clerical tasks, such as summarising patient visits in health records, as one of the main ways AI is being used in health.
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In a 2026 survey of 89 U.S. mental health professionals, about half used AI at work, most often for notes and transcription. They were more cautious when AI might affect judgment, confidentiality or human connection.
A 2026 review of 12 studies of AI note-takers found modest time savings, from a fraction of a minute to about two minutes per note, and some studies showed less burnout. Another study found clinicians felt less burdened even though measured documentation time did not change.
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Researchers are exploring AI that could help spot who might need extra support. The WHO warns about risks such as biased or incomplete results and “automation bias,” where people trust the computer too much and miss its errors.
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You might ask
- Do you use AI for notes or anything else in my care?
- Is our session recorded? Where is it stored, and for how long?
- Can I say no?
- Does a person check what the AI writes?
In Illinois, a 2025 law lets licensed professionals use AI for administrative and supplementary support, but bans AI from making therapeutic decisions.
What experts and regulators say
Where professional bodies and the government stand.
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In November 2025, the American Psychological Association (APA) issued a health advisory on AI chatbots and wellness apps used for mental health.
Main points
- Don’t rely on AI chatbots or wellness apps to deliver therapy. At most, they may be a support alongside care from a real professional.
- Prevent unhealthy relationships and dependence on AI.
- Protect privacy and user data.
- Protect people from false claims, misinformation and bias.
- Create special safeguards for children, teens and other vulnerable groups.
- Teach AI and digital literacy.
- Fund rigorous research.
- Don’t let AI distract from fixing access to human mental health care.
The advisory also calls for laws that stop AI chatbots from pretending to be licensed professionals.
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In June 2025, the APA released a health advisory on AI and adolescent well-being. It treats adolescence as roughly ages 10 to 25.
Main points
- Set healthy boundaries with AI that acts like a friend or expert.
- AI for adults should be different from AI for young people.
- Encourage AI uses that support healthy learning and growth.
- Limit harmful and inaccurate content.
- Make sure health information is accurate.
- Protect young people’s data and their images and voices.
- Support parents and teach AI literacy.
The authors urge everyone not to repeat the mistakes made with social media, and to put youth safety first while AI is still new.
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In June 2026, the APA published a plain-language guide for the public on navigating AI-generated advice. It explains how AI works and gives tips for safer use.
Highlights
- AI tends to agree with you and is designed to keep you engaged.
- It can sound confident even when it’s wrong.
- It can sound like it knows you, but it doesn’t.
- Do not rely on AI in a crisis.
- Verify health information with a health care practitioner.
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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reviews some health software as medical devices. In November 2025, its Digital Health Advisory Committee met to discuss generative AI tools meant to diagnose or treat mental health conditions.
At that meeting, the FDA said it had authorized more than 1,200 AI-enabled medical devices, but none yet used generative AI for mental health conditions.
Risks discussed
- Missing signs of a crisis
- Misreading symptoms
- Inaccurate outputs
- AI agreeing with users at the expense of accuracy
Laws and official rules: what’s changing
Governments are starting to set limits on AI in mental health.
Rules for AI are new and changing fast, and they differ from place to place. Here are some verified examples as of October 2026. For the APA’s advisories and the FDA’s position, see “What experts and regulators say.”
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In August 2025, Illinois passed the Wellness and Oversight for Psychological Resources Act. It bans anyone from using AI to make mental health and therapeutic decisions, while allowing licensed professionals to use AI for administrative and supplementary support. Violations can bring fines of up to $10,000.
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A California law signed in October 2025 requires companion chatbot platforms to have protocols for suicidal thoughts and self-harm, to disclose that users are talking to AI, to give known minors break reminders and block sexually explicit images for them, and to report on their crisis protocols.
Another California law signed the same day addresses chatbots presenting themselves as health care professionals.
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In September 2025, the FTC ordered seven companies to explain how they test for and reduce harms to children and teens, how they make money from engagement, and how they use chat data.
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The EU AI Act entered into force in August 2024. Since February 2025, it has banned AI that causes harm through manipulation or by exploiting people’s vulnerabilities, and emotion recognition in workplaces and schools. From August 2026, people must be told when they are talking to a machine, and certain deepfakes must be labelled.
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In January 2024, the WHO published guidance on the ethics and governance of large AI models in health, with over 40 recommendations for governments, tech companies and health care providers. It calls for independent audits after release and for involving patients and health workers in design.
What the future might look like
Possibilities, not predictions.
Nobody knows exactly how AI will shape mental health care. Experts describe both hopeful possibilities and real risks. These are ideas being discussed and studied, not promises.
Hopeful possibilities
- Less paperwork for clinicians, leaving more time with people
- Tested, supervised tools that support people between therapy sessions
- Easier-to-understand health information in more languages and formats
- Tools that help people practise skills learned in therapy
Risks experts want to prevent
- AI used as a cheaper replacement for human care
- More dependence and less human connection
- Bias that leaves some groups with worse care
- Misuse of private conversations
Researchers say AI may be most helpful when it supports, rather than replaces, human abilities and relationships. What happens next depends partly on research, laws and what people ask for.
When and where to get help
When worry about change needs more support.
Reach out to a professional if
- Worry about your job or the future keeps you up at night
- You feel on edge, low or hopeless for weeks
- Stress is affecting your health, family or relationships
- You have questions or concerns about AI in your own care
A good first step is your doctor, a counselor or a licensed therapist. Talk therapy has strong research behind it for many mental health concerns. Some workplaces also offer free, confidential counseling, so it’s worth asking.
Where to reach a person now
- 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (U.S.): call or text 988, any time, or chat at 988lifeline.org
- Crisis Text Line (U.S.): text HOME to 741741, any time
- Outside the U.S.: findahelpline.com lists free, confidential helplines in many countries
- If a life is in danger right now: call 911 (U.S.) or your local emergency number
📝 Worksheets for this guide
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Sources
- American Psychological Association (APA) (2025). APA Health Advisory on the Use of Generative AI Chatbots and Wellness Applications for Mental Health
- American Psychological Association (APA) (2025). Artificial Intelligence and Adolescent Well-being: An APA Health Advisory
- American Psychological Association (APA) (2026). APA Guide to Navigating AI-Generated Advice Thoughtfully and Safely
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2025). Digital Health Advisory Committee Meeting: Brief Summary, Generative AI-Enabled Digital Mental Health Medical Devices
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (2024). Psychotherapies
- 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
- npj Digital Medicine (via PubMed Central) (2023). Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI-based conversational agents for promoting mental health and well-being (Li H, Zhang R, Lee YC, Kraut RE, Mohr DC)
- Behavioral Sciences (via PubMed Central) (2026). Human 2.0? AI and the Future of Well-Being, Connection, and Personal Growth: A Narrative Review (Vannoy TK, Cadieux S, Lyubomirsky S)
- Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence (via PubMed Central) (2026). Human-like conversational agents as social partners: a scoping review of socioaffective mechanisms, well-being outcomes, risks and governance (Li Q, et al.)
- The Laryngoscope (via PubMed Central) (2026). Ambient Artificial Intelligence Scribes: A Scoping Review With Implications for Otolaryngology (Nallapaneni S, et al.)
- AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science Proceedings (via PubMed Central) (2026). Pre-Post Evaluation of Documentation Burden, Time Perception, and Cognitive Workload of Ambient AI Scribe Tools (Arko L, et al.)
- Journal of Marital and Family Therapy (via PubMed Central) (2026). Human Touch vs. Tech Talk: Mental Health Clinicians’ Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Systemic Practice (Marin M, Montanez M, Vaillancourt K)
- World Health Organization (WHO) (2024). WHO releases AI ethics and governance guidance for large multi-modal models
- Pew Research Center (2025). U.S. Workers Are More Worried Than Hopeful About Future AI Use in the Workplace
- European Commission (2026). AI Act (Regulatory framework for AI)
- Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation (IDFPR) (2025). Gov. Pritzker Signs Legislation Prohibiting AI Therapy in Illinois (HB 1806, Wellness and Oversight for Psychological Resources Act)
- Office of the Governor of California (2025). Governor Newsom signs bills to further strengthen California’s leadership in protecting children online (SB 243 companion chatbots; AB 489)
- U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) (2025). FTC Launches Inquiry into AI Chatbots Acting as Companions
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
- Crisis Text Line. Crisis Text Line
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Crisis Text Line (resource listing)
- ThroughLine (partner of the International Association for Suicide Prevention). Find A Helpline
- International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP). If you’re in crisis, help is available right now
This guide is for education and self-care. It is not a diagnosis or a substitute for professional care. Please talk to a counselor or clinical provider about your health. Reviewed October 2026.

